1- Causes:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion.

2-Main Signs & Symptoms:

Many patients with Type 2 Diabetes are asymptomatic. Clinical manifestations include the following:

• Classic symptoms: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss

• Blurred vision

• Lower-extremity paresthesia (numbness)

• Fungal infections (eg, balanitis in men)

3-Diagnosis:

Diagnostic criteria by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) include the following:

• A fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher, or

• A 2-hour plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), or

• A random plasma glucose of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher in a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis

Whether a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 6.5% or higher should be a primary diagnostic criterion or an optional criterion remains a point of controversy.

Indications for diabetes screening in asymptomatic adults includes the following:

• Sustained blood pressure >135/80 mm Hg

• Overweight and 1 or more other risk factors for diabetes (eg, first-degree relative with diabetes, BP >140/90 mm Hg, and HDL < 35 mg/dL and/or triglyceride level >250 mg/dL)

• The ADA recommends screening at age 35 years in the absence of the above criteria.

If you experience any of these signs or symptoms, we at Al Hafiz Hospital have all the tests related to diabetes and doctors who are the experts in the diagnosis and management of diabetes.

Book your consultation today.